Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin that the human body cannot produce on its own, making ongoing dietary intake the only source. It plays several roles: it is needed for collagen synthesis (which supports skin, blood vessels, tendons, and wound healing), it helps the immune system function normally, it enhances the absorption of non-haem iron from plant foods, and it acts as an antioxidant, helping to neutralise free radicals that can damage cells.
Suboptimal vitamin C levels are more common than many people assume. While clinical scurvy (severe deficiency) is rare in Australia, it does still occur in people with very restricted diets or those experiencing food insecurity. Milder insufficiency, which can still affect immune function and tissue repair, is more widespread and often goes unrecognised without testing.
Groups at higher risk of low vitamin C include smokers (who have significantly higher vitamin C requirements due to increased oxidative stress), people eating very few fresh fruits and vegetables, those relying heavily on processed or overcooked foods, individuals with malabsorption conditions, people undergoing dialysis, and those under significant physical or psychological stress.
This test measures plasma ascorbic acid concentration. A fasting sample is recommended because recent food intake can temporarily elevate the result. If you take vitamin C supplements, the test will reflect current supplementation; there is no need to stop beforehand, though noting your supplement dose when reviewing results with a practitioner is useful.
Vitamin C is water-soluble, so excess amounts are excreted in urine rather than accumulating in the body. Very high supplemental doses (above 2,000mg daily) can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and may increase kidney stone risk in predisposed individuals, but toxicity from normal dietary intake is not a practical concern.
To measure plasma ascorbic acid and identify levels that may be too low to support normal immune function, collagen production, and antioxidant activity.