Swelling in legs or calves

Overview

Swelling in legs or calves, also known as peripheral edema, is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lower extremities causing visible puffiness, tightness, and enlargement. This condition typically affects one or both legs and may worsen throughout the day or when standing for extended periods.

Common Causes

Leg and calf swelling commonly occurs when you spend long periods sitting or standing, which can cause fluid to pool in your lower extremities. Eating too much salt, hormonal changes during menstruation or pregnancy, and certain medications can also lead to fluid retention. Hot weather often makes swelling worse as blood vessels dilate and fluid shifts into tissues. Being overweight, lack of physical activity, and wearing tight clothing or shoes can contribute to poor circulation and subsequent swelling.

Severity Levels

Mild: Slight puffiness that may be more noticeable at the end of the day and improves with rest or elevation of the legs. You can still see ankle bones and the swelling doesn't interfere with daily activities.

Moderate: More obvious swelling that may extend from feet to lower legs, with some difficulty fitting into regular shoes or socks. The swelling may leave temporary indentations when pressed and takes longer to improve with rest.

Severe: Significant swelling that extends up the legs, making it difficult to walk or wear normal footwear. The skin may feel tight or stretched, and the swelling persists even after rest and elevation, requiring immediate medical attention.

Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience sudden, severe swelling accompanied by chest pain, difficulty breathing, or rapid heartbeat, as this could indicate a serious heart or lung condition. Contact your doctor promptly if the swelling is in only one leg, feels warm or tender to touch, or is accompanied by redness, as these may be signs of a blood clot. You should also consult a healthcare provider if the swelling persists for more than a few days, interferes with daily activities, or occurs alongside other concerning symptoms like unexplained weight gain or shortness of breath.

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