Infertility in men
Overview
Male infertility is the inability of a man to cause pregnancy in a fertile female partner after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. This condition can result from problems with sperm production, sperm function, or blockages that prevent sperm delivery.
Common Causes
Male infertility can result from various factors affecting sperm production or delivery. Common causes include hormonal imbalances, particularly low testosterone levels, which can disrupt normal sperm development. Lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use, and exposure to environmental toxins can significantly impact sperm quality and quantity. Stress, poor diet, lack of exercise, and being overweight can also affect fertility. Medical conditions like diabetes, infections, or previous surgeries may interfere with reproductive function. Age plays a role as well, with sperm quality typically declining after age 40.
Severity Levels
Mild: You may have slightly reduced sperm count or quality, but conception is still possible with time and lifestyle changes. Regular ovulation tracking and healthy habits often help couples conceive naturally.
Moderate: Sperm production or function is noticeably affected, making natural conception more challenging. You may benefit from fertility treatments like intrauterine insemination or medications to improve sperm quality.
Severe: Significant problems with sperm production, function, or delivery make natural conception very unlikely. Advanced fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization with sperm injection may be necessary to achieve pregnancy.
Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare provider if you and your partner have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, or 6 months if the female partner is over 35. Seek medical attention sooner if you have a history of testicular problems, previous surgeries in the genital area, or known hormonal disorders. Don't wait to get help if you experience pain, swelling, or other concerning symptoms in the reproductive area.
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