White spots on fingernails
Overview
White spots on fingernails are small, chalky white marks or patches that appear on the nail plate. These spots, medically known as leukonychia, can vary in size and typically occur due to minor nail injuries or nutritional deficiencies.
Common Causes
White spots on fingernails are most commonly caused by minor injuries to the nail bed, such as bumping your finger or aggressive manicuring. These harmless marks typically appear weeks after the initial trauma and will grow out naturally as your nail grows. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly zinc or protein deficiencies, can also contribute to white spots, though this is less common in people with balanced diets. Frequent exposure to harsh chemicals or nail products may sometimes cause similar discoloration.
Severity Levels
Mild: Small, scattered white spots on one or two nails that don't affect nail strength or appearance significantly. Usually resolves on its own as the nail grows out.
Moderate: Multiple white spots across several nails or larger patches that are more noticeable. May indicate repeated minor trauma or underlying nutritional needs.
Severe: Extensive white discoloration covering large portions of multiple nails, or spots accompanied by changes in nail texture, thickness, or shape. May suggest underlying health conditions requiring medical evaluation.
Medical Attention
Most white spots on fingernails are harmless and will grow out naturally as your nail grows. However, you should consult a healthcare provider if the spots are accompanied by other nail changes like thickening, yellowing, or crumbling, if they persist for several months without growing out, or if you notice similar changes across multiple nails. Seek medical attention if you experience pain, swelling, or signs of infection around the affected nails.
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