Muscle cramps or spasms
Overview
Muscle cramps or spasms are sudden, involuntary contractions of one or more muscles that cause intense pain and temporary muscle stiffness. These painful muscle contractions can occur in any muscle group and typically last from a few seconds to several minutes.
Common Causes
Muscle cramps commonly occur due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, especially after sweating heavily or not drinking enough fluids. Overuse of muscles during exercise or prolonged physical activity can trigger spasms as muscles become fatigued. Poor circulation from sitting or lying in one position too long may also cause muscles to cramp. Age-related changes in muscle and nerve function make older adults more susceptible to experiencing these episodes.
Severity Levels
Mild: Occasional brief muscle tightness that resolves quickly with gentle stretching or movement. Discomfort is manageable and doesn't interfere with daily activities.
Moderate: More frequent cramping episodes that cause noticeable pain and may temporarily limit movement or activities. Cramps last longer and may require active intervention like massage or rest to resolve.
Severe: Intense, prolonged muscle contractions that cause significant pain and inability to use the affected muscle. Episodes occur frequently, may wake you from sleep, or prevent normal activities and may indicate an underlying medical condition requiring evaluation.
Medical Attention
Seek immediate medical attention if muscle cramps are accompanied by severe swelling, skin changes, or weakness that doesn't improve. Contact your doctor if you experience frequent, severe cramps that interfere with daily activities, cramps that don't respond to self-care measures, or if they occur alongside fever, breathing difficulties, or signs of dehydration. You should also consult a healthcare provider if cramps develop after starting new medications or if you have underlying conditions like diabetes or liver disease.
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