Low HDL (good) cholesterol
Overview
Low HDL cholesterol refers to having insufficient levels of high-density lipoprotein, the "good" cholesterol that helps remove harmful cholesterol from arteries and transport it to the liver for disposal. This condition increases the risk of heart disease and stroke as there isn't enough good cholesterol to counteract the effects of bad cholesterol in the bloodstream.
Common Causes
Low HDL cholesterol can result from several lifestyle factors including a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and consuming a diet high in refined carbohydrates and trans fats. Being overweight or obese also tends to lower HDL levels, as does excessive alcohol consumption. Certain medications like beta-blockers and anabolic steroids can reduce HDL cholesterol. Additionally, some people have a genetic predisposition to naturally lower HDL levels, and conditions like diabetes and metabolic syndrome can also contribute to decreased good cholesterol.
Severity Levels
Mild: HDL levels are slightly below optimal but may be improved through lifestyle changes like regular exercise, healthy diet, and weight management. Risk of heart problems is moderately increased.
Moderate: HDL cholesterol is notably low, requiring more intensive lifestyle modifications and possibly medication. Your doctor may recommend specific dietary changes and structured exercise programs to boost good cholesterol levels.
Severe: HDL levels are dangerously low, significantly increasing your risk of heart attack and stroke. Immediate medical intervention with medications and comprehensive lifestyle changes is typically necessary to protect your cardiovascular health.
Medical Attention
You should consult your healthcare provider if you have risk factors for heart disease such as family history, diabetes, high blood pressure, or smoking. Schedule regular checkups to monitor your cholesterol levels, especially if you're over 40 or have been diagnosed with metabolic conditions. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or other signs of heart problems, as these could indicate serious cardiovascular complications.
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