Brittle or weak fingernails
Overview
Brittle or weak fingernails are nails that break, split, or chip easily due to lack of moisture, nutritional deficiencies, or underlying health conditions. This common nail condition causes fingernails to become thin, fragile, and prone to damage during normal daily activities.
Common Causes
Brittle or weak fingernails commonly result from frequent exposure to water and harsh chemicals, which can strip away natural oils and moisture from the nail plate. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly low levels of biotin, iron, or protein, can also weaken nail structure over time. Age-related changes naturally reduce nail thickness and strength, while excessive use of nail polish and acetone-based removers can cause dehydration and brittleness. Certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders or autoimmune diseases may also contribute to nail weakness.
Severity Levels
Mild: Occasional nail chipping or small breaks that don't interfere with daily activities. Nails may feel slightly softer than usual but remain mostly functional.
Moderate: Regular nail splitting or breaking that requires frequent trimming or filing. You may need to be more careful with hand activities and consider using nail strengthening products.
Severe: Nails break or split constantly, making it difficult to maintain any nail length. Daily tasks become challenging, and nails may cause discomfort or pain when they catch on clothing or objects.
Medical Attention
See a healthcare provider if brittle nails persist despite proper nail care and moisturizing, or if you notice sudden changes in nail texture or strength. Seek medical attention if brittle nails are accompanied by other symptoms like fatigue, hair loss, skin changes, or if you suspect an underlying health condition. Consider consulting a dermatologist if over-the-counter treatments haven't improved your nail health after several weeks of consistent use.
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