VLDL Lipid Subfractions

Overview

VLDL stands for Very Low-Density Lipoproteins - these are particles in your blood that carry triglycerides (a type of fat) from your liver to other parts of your body. Think of VLDL as tiny delivery trucks transporting fat-based energy to where it’s needed. However, not all VLDL particles are the same. VLDL subfractions break these down by size and density, giving a clearer picture of how your body is managing fats. Small, dense VLDL particles are more likely to get trapped in artery walls, contributing to plaque build-up and inflammation - key steps toward heart disease. Larger VLDL particles are still fat-rich but tend to be less risky. This test is useful for identifying hidden cardiovascular risks that a standard cholesterol or triglyceride test might miss. It’s especially valuable for both men and women who have diabetes, insulin resistance, or a family history of heart disease. Understanding your VLDL subfractions is like using a microscope to see which trucks are delivering too much cargo and clogging up the highways of your blood vessels.

Testing Levels:

• High (0.5 mmol/L) - High levels of small, dense VLDL subfractions indicate a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. These particles are more likely to stick to blood vessel walls, promoting inflammation and plaque build-up. This result suggests the body is producing too many fat-rich particles, possibly due to insulin resistance, obesity, or a poor diet. It's a sign to take action with diet, exercise, and potentially medication.
  
  
• Mid - When VLDL subfractions are within a healthy range, it means your body is handling fat transport effectively. You’re likely producing more of the larger, less harmful VLDL particles and fewer of the dangerous small, dense ones. This indicates a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and a well-functioning metabolism.
  
  
• Low (0.05 mmol/L) - Very low VLDL subfraction levels might occur with restrictive diets, fat absorption issues, or liver conditions. Although less common, it’s worth investigating if other symptoms - like fatigue, weight loss, or malnutrition - are also present. It may mean the body is struggling to produce or transport fat efficiently.

Why We Test VLDL Lipid Subfractions

This test helps uncover hidden cardiovascular and metabolic risks that standard cholesterol or triglyceride tests might miss. It’s especially useful for people with insulin resistance, diabetes, or a strong family history of heart disease. Knowing your VLDL subfractions helps you take targeted steps to protect your health before issues develop.

What Affects It

VLDL subfractions can be influenced by diet (especially sugar and processed carbs), physical inactivity, obesity, and insulin resistance. Conditions like type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome often lead to increased production of small, dense VLDL particles. Drinking alcohol, smoking, certain medications (like corticosteroids), and hormonal shifts (such as during menopause) may also impact VLDL levels. Genetics can affect how your body handles triglycerides and VLDL as well.

How to Improve

If levels are high or trending high, reduce refined carbs, sugar, and alcohol. Focus on healthy fats (like nuts, seeds, and oily fish), eat more fibre, and increase your physical activity - especially aerobic exercise. If levels are low or borderline low, make sure you’re getting enough healthy fats in your diet and that your liver and digestion are functioning properly. Work with your healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions and create a personalised plan. Regular monitoring ensures your changes are working over time.

Common Name: VLDL Lipid Subfractions