Total LDL - Lipid Subfractions

Overview

LDL cholesterol, often dubbed "bad cholesterol," isn't uniform; it comprises particles of varying sizes and densities. These are categorised into subfractions, typically ranging from LDL-1 to LDL-7. Larger, buoyant particles (LDL-1 and LDL-2) are less likely to cause harm, while smaller, denser particles (LDL-3 to LDL-7) are more prone to penetrating artery walls, leading to plaque buildup and increasing the risk of heart disease. By analysing these subfractions, we gain a clearer picture of cardiovascular risk, even if total LDL levels appear normal.

Testing Levels:

• High (3.32 mmol/L) - Elevated levels of small, dense LDL particles (LDL-3 to LDL-7) suggest a higher risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This pattern indicates that cholesterol is more likely to deposit in arteries, potentially leading to blockages, heart attacks, or strokes.
  
  
• Mid - A balanced distribution, with a predominance of larger LDL particles (LDL-1 and LDL-2), suggests a lower risk of cholesterol-related artery damage. It's indicative of a healthier lipid profile.
  
  
• Low (1.53 mmol/L) - Very low LDL levels are uncommon and might be linked to genetic factors, certain medications, or underlying health conditions. It's essential to assess these results in conjunction with overall health and other lipid parameters.

Why We Test Total LDL - Lipid Subfractions

Traditional cholesterol tests might not reveal the full picture. By examining LDL subfractions, we can detect hidden risks, especially in individuals with normal total LDL levels but a higher proportion of harmful small, dense particles. This insight allows for more personalised and effective prevention strategies.

What Affects It

Several factors influence LDL subfractions: Diet (especially intake of saturated and trans fats), physical activity levels, body weight, genetic predispositions, and metabolic conditions like diabetes or insulin resistance. Certain medications and hormonal changes can also impact LDL particle distribution.

How to Improve

If high or near high: Adopt a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins; engage in regular physical activity; maintain a healthy weight; and consider medications if prescribed. If low or near low: Ensure a balanced diet to support overall health, but typically, low LDL levels are not a concern unless accompanied by other symptoms. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalised advice.

Common Name: Total LDL - Lipid Subfractions