Prolactin

Overview

Prolactin is the hormone that steps into the spotlight when it’s time to nurture. Produced by the pituitary gland, it’s famously known for its role in milk production in breastfeeding mothers. But its influence extends beyond just maternity; it affects an array of reproductive and metabolic functions in both women and men. Prolactin helps regulate menstrual cycles, influences fertility, and can impact libido. It also plays a role in immune system regulation and has effects on mood and behavior.

Testing Levels:

• High (600 mIU/L) - Elevated prolactin levels can lead to galactorrhea (unexpected milk production), changes in menstrual cycle regularity, or infertility in women. In men, high prolactin can decrease libido, cause erectile dysfunction, and affect sperm production. High levels may be caused by a benign tumor on the pituitary gland (prolactinoma), thyroid issues, or certain medications.
  
  
• Mid - Normal prolactin levels suggest that your body’s reproductive and hormonal functions are balanced correctly, supporting regular menstrual cycles in women, normal sperm production in men, and overall reproductive health. Maintaining these levels supports not only fertility but also general well-being.
  
  When prolactin levels are nearing the upper limit, you might begin to notice mild symptoms associated with elevated levels such as slight disruptions in your menstrual cycle or reduced sex drive. It’s a signal to possibly investigate further to prevent levels from rising further, which could disrupt reproductive functions more significantly.
  
  Levels that are at the lower edge generally do not cause concern unless accompanied by symptoms of hormonal imbalance such as decreased fertility or menstrual irregularities in women. However, it’s good to keep an eye on any potential symptoms that might indicate the need for a closer look.
  
  
• Low (60 mIU/L) - Low prolactin levels are uncommon and usually not indicative of a medical problem, but they can occur in certain conditions where the pituitary gland is underactive. If you’re experiencing symptoms that could be related to pituitary or hormonal issues, discussing them with your healthcare provider would be advisable.

Why We Test Prolactin

Measuring prolactin is crucial if you're experiencing issues related to fertility, sexual function, or menstrual irregularities. It’s particularly important for women who are having trouble conceiving or who have irregular periods. In men, high prolactin levels can lead to reduced sex drive or difficulty achieving an erection. Testing can uncover imbalances that might be the root cause of these symptoms, guiding effective treatment to restore hormonal balance and improve reproductive health.

What Affects It

Several factors can influence prolactin levels, including stress, sleep, pregnancy, breast stimulation, and certain medications (especially antipsychotics and anti-nausea drugs). Underlying health conditions like hypothyroidism can also raise prolactin levels, as can pituitary disorders.

How to Improve

Managing prolactin levels typically involves addressing the underlying causes of the imbalance. If levels are high, treatments may include medications to lower prolactin, especially if caused by a prolactinoma. Adjusting medications that might be elevating prolactin levels can also be effective. For low levels, it’s crucial to assess pituitary function and ensure there’s no underlying pituitary damage or hormonal deficiency.

Common Name: PRL