Insulin

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Monitoring insulin levels helps assess insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function.

📋 About This Biomarker

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. It facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, where it can be used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Insulin levels fluctuate throughout the day in response to food intake, with spikes occurring after meals. Abnormal insulin levels can indicate various health conditions. High insulin levels (hyperinsulinemia) may suggest insulin resistance, a condition where cells become less responsive to insulin, often leading to type 2 diabetes. Conversely, low insulin levels may indicate insufficient insulin production, as seen in type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes. Monitoring insulin levels helps assess how well the body is managing blood sugar and can provide insights into metabolic health and pancreatic function.

🎯 Why We Test This

Testing insulin levels provides important insights into how well the body manages blood glucose. It helps diagnose and manage conditions related to insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is crucial for individuals with symptoms of insulin resistance or diabetes. Understanding insulin levels can guide lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and medical interventions to improve metabolic health and prevent complications.

⚠️ What Affects It

Insulin levels can be influenced by factors such as recent food intake (especially carbohydrate-rich meals), physical activity, body weight, stress, medications (such as insulin or oral diabetes medications), and underlying health conditions like obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, conditions affecting pancreatic function, such as pancreatitis or pancreatic tumors, can alter insulin levels.

📈 How to Improve

For high insulin levels, lifestyle changes like a balanced diet (reducing carbohydrate intake), regular physical activity, and weight loss are key. Medications to improve insulin sensitivity may also be recommended. For levels close to being high, similar interventions can help prevent progression to insulin resistance. If insulin levels are low, managing blood glucose with insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and regular monitoring is essential. For levels close to being low, ensuring proper glycemic control and consulting with a healthcare provider for tailored interventions are important. Regular monitoring and appropriate lifestyle modifications can help maintain insulin levels within a healthy range, promoting overall metabolic health.

📊 Understanding Your Results (mU/mL)

Low (< 5 mU/mL)
Low insulin levels often indicate insufficient insulin production, commonly seen in type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes. This can result in elevated blood glucose levels, leading to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Managing low insulin levels usually involves insulin therapy, dietary adjustments, and regular blood glucose monitoring to prevent complications and maintain overall health.
Optimal (5 - 50 mU/mL)
Normal insulin levels indicate that the body is effectively managing blood glucose, with appropriate insulin production and sensitivity. This balance reflects good pancreatic function and overall metabolic health, suggesting that the body's response to glucose intake is well-regulated. Insulin levels near the upper limit of the reference range may indicate early signs of insulin resistance or a heightened insulin response to recent food intake. While not yet alarming, these levels suggest a need for lifestyle modifications to prevent progression to insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome. Maintaining a healthy diet, staying active, and monitoring weight can help keep insulin levels within a healthy range. Insulin levels near the lower limit may suggest reduced insulin production or increased insulin sensitivity. This could be due to conditions like type 1 diabetes, advanced type 2 diabetes, or a strong response to a low-carbohydrate diet. It's important to monitor these levels and ensure that blood glucose is being adequately managed.
High (> 50 mU/mL)
Elevated insulin levels typically indicate hyperinsulinemia, which may suggest insulin resistance or the presence of metabolic syndrome. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, increased hunger, and difficulty losing weight. Persistent hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Addressing high insulin levels usually involves lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, weight management, and possibly medication to improve insulin sensitivity.
Also known as: Insulin