Ferritin

Overview

Ferritin is a protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled manner. It is found in most tissues as a cytosolic protein but also as a blood cell protein. Ferritin is a key player in iron metabolism, acting as a buffer against iron deficiency and iron overload. The amount of ferritin in the blood reflects the total amount of iron stored in the body. Iron is essential for various bodily functions, including the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. Low ferritin levels can indicate iron deficiency, which can lead to anemia, while high ferritin levels can suggest conditions like hemochromatosis, where the body stores too much iron. Ferritin levels can also rise in response to inflammation, infection, or liver disease, as it is an acute-phase reactant.

Testing Levels:

• High (336 μg/L) - Elevated ferritin levels (hyperferritinemia) can indicate iron overload conditions such as hemochromatosis, liver disease, chronic inflammation, infections, or certain cancers. High ferritin levels can lead to organ damage, particularly in the liver, heart, and pancreas. It is crucial to identify and treat the underlying cause to prevent complications.
  
  
• Mid - Normal ferritin levels indicate adequate iron stores in the body, supporting healthy red blood cell production and overall metabolic functions. This balance suggests efficient iron metabolism and storage, preventing both deficiency and overload.
  
  Ferritin levels near the upper limit may suggest an early stage of iron overload or a mild inflammatory response. Monitoring and investigating potential causes, such as dietary iron intake or chronic conditions, can help manage and maintain balanced ferritin levels.
  
  Ferritin levels near the lower end might suggest a borderline iron deficiency, often due to inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or chronic blood loss. It is important to monitor these levels and consider dietary adjustments or supplements to prevent deficiency.
  
  
• Low (24 μg/L) - Low ferritin levels (hypoferritinemia) indicate depleted iron stores, often leading to iron deficiency anemia. This can result from poor dietary intake, chronic blood loss, or conditions that impair iron absorption. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and pallor. Treating the underlying cause and iron supplementation are essential steps to restore normal levels.

Why We Test Ferritin

Testing ferritin levels is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions related to iron metabolism, such as iron deficiency anemia and hemochromatosis. It helps in assessing the body's iron stores, guiding treatment for various iron-related disorders. Regular monitoring is important for individuals with symptoms of fatigue, chronic blood loss, or inflammatory conditions. Keeping ferritin levels within the normal range is vital for overall health, preventing complications associated with both iron deficiency and overload.

What Affects It

Factors influencing ferritin levels include dietary iron intake, iron absorption efficiency, blood loss (from menstruation, injury, or gastrointestinal bleeding), chronic diseases, inflammation, liver function, and certain medications. Conditions such as anemia, hemochromatosis, liver disease, and chronic infections can significantly impact ferritin levels.

How to Improve

For high ferritin levels, managing the underlying cause, such as reducing dietary iron intake, therapeutic phlebotomy, or chelation therapy for hemochromatosis, is crucial. For levels close to being high, similar monitoring and dietary adjustments are important. For low ferritin levels, increasing dietary intake of iron-rich foods (like red meat, leafy greens, and fortified cereals) and iron supplements can help. Regular monitoring and consultation with a healthcare provider ensure that ferritin levels remain within the optimal range.

Common Name: Ferritin