Anti-Nuclear Antibodies

Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) are autoantibodies that mistakenly target the body's own cell nuclei and are commonly tested to help diagnose autoimmune disorders such as lupus, Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma. A positive ANA test indicates the presence of these antibodies, though it can also occur in healthy individuals and requires further specific testing to determine clinical significance.

📋 About This Biomarker

Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) are proteins made by the immune system that may mistakenly attack the body’s own cells. These antibodies target the nucleus, the "control centre" inside cells where genetic material is stored. ANA is often associated with autoimmune conditions, where the immune system becomes overactive and attacks healthy tissues. A positive ANA test may indicate conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or other connective tissue diseases. However, having ANA in your blood doesn’t always mean there is an autoimmune disease. Some people have a positive ANA without symptoms or illness. Testing ANA can help doctors investigate unexplained symptoms like joint pain, fatigue, or rashes.

🎯 Why We Test This

Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) testing is valuable for diagnosing autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. This test helps identify conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, and mixed connective tissue disease. Healthcare providers typically order ANA testing when patients present with symptoms like unexplained joint pain, persistent fatigue, skin rashes, or organ dysfunction that suggests autoimmune involvement. The test serves as an important screening tool that can guide further specialized testing and help establish a diagnosis for complex autoimmune conditions.

⚠️ What Affects It

Factors influencing Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA) levels include autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, and rheumatoid arthritis. Age and sex affect ANA prevalence, with higher rates in elderly individuals and women. Certain medications including hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, and some biologics can induce positive ANA results. Infections, particularly viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis, can temporarily elevate ANA levels. Other conditions such as liver disease, thyroid disorders, and certain malignancies may also cause positive ANA tests.

📈 How to Improve

For elevated Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA), managing underlying autoimmune conditions through prescribed immunosuppressive medications, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with adequate sleep and stress reduction, and avoiding known triggers like certain medications or infections are essential. Regular monitoring with a rheumatologist and adherence to treatment protocols help control autoimmune activity. For borderline or fluctuating ANA levels, focusing on anti-inflammatory nutrition, regular exercise, vitamin D supplementation, and avoiding environmental toxins can be beneficial. Consistent follow-up testing and working closely with healthcare providers ensure proper management of any developing autoimmune conditions.
Also known as: ANA