Androstenedione

Androstenedione is a precursor hormone in the production of testosterone and oestrogen. It plays a vital role in reproductive health for both males and females, with implications for fertility, energy, and general hormonal balance.

📋 About This Biomarker

Androstenedione is a steroid hormone that acts as a precursor to more potent sex hormones like testosterone and oestrogen. It is produced in both males and females, primarily in the adrenal glands and the gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females). In males, androstenedione contributes to the production of testosterone, which influences characteristics such as muscle mass, libido, and energy. In females, it is involved in producing oestrogen and contributes to regulating the menstrual cycle and fertility. Elevated levels of androstenedione can indicate an imbalance in sex hormone production, often linked to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in females or adrenal disorders in both sexes.

🎯 Why We Test This

Testing androstenedione levels can provide valuable insight into hormonal health, especially in cases of suspected PCOS in females or adrenal disorders in both sexes. It’s particularly useful in diagnosing causes of irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, or signs of hormone imbalance like hirsutism. In males, it helps assess testosterone production and can be part of evaluating delayed or early puberty.

⚠️ What Affects It

Several factors can influence androstenedione levels. These include age, as levels naturally fluctuate throughout life, particularly during puberty. Conditions like PCOS in females can raise levels, while adrenal tumours or hyperplasia can lead to overproduction of the hormone in both males and females. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or hormone therapy, may also affect androstenedione levels. Additionally, stress and chronic illness may influence hormone production.

📈 How to Improve

For elevated androstenedione levels, treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, such as PCOS or adrenal hyperplasia, through medication, hormone therapy, or lifestyle changes like weight management. Lowering stress and improving diet can also support hormonal balance. If levels are nearing the upper limit, early intervention with lifestyle changes and regular monitoring can help prevent further imbalances. For low androstenedione, treatment might involve hormone replacement therapy or managing adrenal or ovarian insufficiency. Ensuring a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management also support healthy hormone levels.

📊 Understanding Your Results (nmol/L)

Low (< 1 nmol/L)
Low androstenedione levels can indicate adrenal insufficiency or gonadal failure. In females, this may lead to symptoms such as irregular periods, infertility, or early menopause. In males, it can cause reduced testosterone levels, leading to symptoms like fatigue, decreased muscle mass, or sexual dysfunction. Diagnosing the underlying cause and managing it, often through hormone therapy, is crucial for restoring balance.
Optimal (1 - 11.5 nmol/L)
Androstenedione levels within the reference range indicate that the body is maintaining a healthy balance of sex hormone production. In males, this supports normal testosterone synthesis, while in females, it ensures proper oestrogen levels for regular menstrual cycles and fertility. This balance is vital for general reproductive health and overall well-being in both sexes. When androstenedione levels are near the upper limit, it could be a sign of subtle hormonal imbalances that haven’t yet caused noticeable symptoms. For women, this may suggest early-stage PCOS or adrenal issues. In men, it could indicate mild adrenal overactivity. Monitoring and investigating further through additional hormone tests may help pinpoint any emerging issues. Androstenedione levels close to the lower limit could signal decreased production of sex hormones. In males, this might result in low testosterone, which can manifest as low libido, fatigue, or reduced muscle mass. In females, low levels may point to ovarian or adrenal dysfunction, potentially affecting fertility and menstrual regularity. Early detection allows for lifestyle adjustments or medical interventions to maintain hormone balance.
High (> 11.5 nmol/L)
Elevated androstenedione levels in females may indicate conditions such as PCOS, adrenal hyperplasia, or tumours in the adrenal glands or ovaries. High levels can result in symptoms like irregular periods, excess facial or body hair (hirsutism), and acne. In males, elevated androstenedione can signal adrenal gland disorders or early puberty (in boys). Addressing elevated levels often requires treating the underlying condition, with the aim of balancing hormone production.
Also known as: A4