Fertility & Pregnancy - Bloody Good
Hormone

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

The Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Test measures a hormone that controls egg production in women and sperm production in men. This test may help check fertility, menstrual cycle health, or symptoms linked to hormone imbalance.

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Wondering if irregular periods, fertility challenges, or concerns about reproductive aging could be linked to how well your hormones are coordinating your reproductive function?

Overview

Think of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) as your body's fertility coordinator, working behind the scenes to keep your reproductive system running smoothly. This important hormone, produced by a small gland in your brain called the pituitary, travels through your bloodstream like a messenger delivering crucial instructions to your reproductive organs. In women, FSH acts like a monthly wake-up call to the ovaries, telling them when to prepare eggs for ovulation and keeping the menstrual cycle on track. For men, it works more like a steady supervisor, continuously encouraging the testes to produce healthy sperm.

Testing your FSH levels gives valuable insight into your reproductive health and can help explain changes you might be experiencing. When FSH levels climb too high, it usually means your ovaries or testes aren't responding as they should – this commonly happens during menopause or when reproductive organs begin to decline with age. On the flip side, unusually low FSH levels might indicate that the control center in your brain isn't sending out strong enough signals, which can affect fertility and overall hormonal balance. Understanding your FSH levels helps paint a clearer picture of where you stand reproductively and can guide important health decisions.

Reviewed by Dr. Vu Tran
Bloody Good’s Chief Medical Officer

Symptoms

You may benefit from this test if you experience:
Irregular periods (cycles shorter than 21 or longer than 35 days) Missed periods (not due to pregnancy) Hot flashes during the day Night sweats that wake you up Difficulty getting pregnant PCOS affecting fertility

Purpose

Essential for women experiencing irregular periods, fertility difficulties, or symptoms of menopause. Important for men with low sperm count, erectile dysfunction, or suspected hormonal imbalances. Valuable for investigating delayed or early puberty in adolescents, monitoring hormone replacement therapy, and assessing overall reproductive health in both genders.

How to prepare

Timing is important for women. For menstrual cycle assessment, testing on day 3-5 of cycle is preferred. For menopause evaluation, any time is suitable. No fasting required. Inform your healthcare provider about hormone medications, birth control pills, or fertility treatments as these can affect results.

Understanding results

Normal ranges vary by gender, age, and menstrual cycle phase. Women (follicular phase): 3-20 IU/L; Women (ovulation): 6-17 IU/L; Women (luteal phase): 1-9 IU/L; Post-menopausal women: 30-135 IU/L; Men: 1-12 IU/L. High levels may indicate menopause, ovarian failure, or testicular dysfunction. Low levels might suggest pituitary problems or hypothalamic dysfunction.

After the test

Discuss results with a healthcare provider specialising in reproductive health. Abnormal results may require additional testing including LH, oestradiol, testosterone, or pituitary imaging. Treatment depends on underlying causes and may include hormone replacement therapy, fertility treatments, or addressing pituitary conditions. Follow-up testing may be needed to monitor treatment effectiveness.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Both are reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland, but FSH stimulates egg/sperm development while LH triggers ovulation in women and testosterone production in men. They work together but have distinct roles.
  • Ideally on day 3 of your menstrual cycle when FSH levels reflect your ovarian reserve and responsiveness. This timing provides the most accurate assessment of fertility potential.
  • Yes, consistently elevated FSH levels (above 30 IU/L) along with irregular periods often indicate approaching menopause. However, levels can fluctuate, so multiple tests may be needed.
  • High FSH in reproductive-age women may indicate primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), PCOS, or diminished ovarian reserve. Further evaluation is typically needed to determine the specific cause.
  • In men, FSH levels help distinguish between primary testicular problems (high FSH) and secondary issues related to pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction (low FSH).
  • Yes, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, fertility medications, and some psychiatric medications can influence FSH levels. Inform your doctor about all medications before testing.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

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